Yale College students earn letter grades for all courses, unless otherwise noted.

• Independent Study courses are graded pass/fail, with the additional requirement that the instructor of record submit a substantive report that both describes the nature of the independent study and evaluates the student’s performance in it.
• Senior requirement courses (essays, projects, theses) are evaluated with a letter grade.
• Yale College students enrolled in professional school courses most often earn pass/fail grade unless the course is graded with a letter grade, in which case the undergraduate earns the letter grade.
• Undergraduates enrolled in graduate school courses are assigned letter grades (A-F).
• Courses in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and in the professional schools of the University are not available on the Yale College Credit/D/Fail option.

GRADE OPTIONS other than letter grades (A-F) that periodically appear on student transcripts:

Key to Course Listings

Abbreviation	Description
P	Pass
CR	Credit
W	Withdrew
TR	Transfer Credit
ABX	Authorized postponement of a final examination
ACT	Activated acceleration credit
ACV	Potential acceleration credit
INC	Incomplete (applicable only to senior capstone projects)
TI	Authorized late submission of work
NM	No grade received
NS	Unsatisfactory completion of work to date
SAT	Satisfactory completion of work to date
#	Unresolved grade
*	Asterisk before a letter grade indicates an ROTC grade